KB11230: What is the "Evaluation Ordering" VLDB Property in MicroStrategy 9.x?

• Strategy

This article describes what the evaluation ordering property is in MicroStrategy 9.x.

The Evaluation Ordering VLDB property affects the order of calculations in the Analytical Engine, after the raw query results have been retrieved from the database.
The Analytical Engine can be responsible for a number of calculations, including consolidations, metric limits, subtotals, and Smart compound metrics. When more than one type of such calculation is required in a report, the result may depend on the order in which the calculations are performed. To illustrate, this document will examine a simple report using a subtotal against a Smart compound metric.

What is a Smart Metric?
When a metric is defined as a Smart Metric, the metric will be calculated by the Analytical Engine, even if the metric can be calculated in the database. For example, suppose there are two simple metrics, MetricA and MetricB. These two simple metrics are not defined as Smart Metrics. A compound metric, MetricCompound, can be defined as (MetricA / MetricB). If MetricCompound is not defined as a Smart Metric, then MetricCompound will be calculated in the database; the SQL sent to the database will include the following clause:

SELECT MetricA / MetricB

However, if MetricCompound is defined as a Smart Metric, then MetricCompound will be calculated in the Analytical Engine. The SQL sent to the database will only retrieve the values of MetricA and MetricB, and the Analytical Engine will perform the division of MetricA and MetricB.

To take another example, consider a simple metric, MetricA. Another metric, RunningSumMetric, is defined as RunningSum(MetricA). If RunningSumMetric is not defined as a Smart Metric, then the metric will be calculated in the database (if the database supports a RunningSum function). However, if RunningSumMetric is defined as a Smart Metric, then the SQL sent to the database will retrieve the values of MetricA, and the Analytical Engine will perform the RunningSum function on the retrieved values.
To summarize, the "Smart Metric" option forces a metric's calculations to be performed within the Analytical Engine, apart from the database.

Evaluation Order In Action
For example, consider a report that contains a compound metric comprised of the Profit and Revenue metrics. This compound metric is defined as (profit/revenue), with the Smart Metric option enabled on the metric:

Because the compound metric is defined as a Smart Metric, the Analytical Engine will be responsible for calculating the value of the compound metric. In addition, the subtotals displayed on the report will also be calculated by the Analytical Engine.
When the Analytical Engine calculates the subtotal of the compound metric, there are two evaluations that must be made:

Value of the compound metric
Subtotal calculation

The order in which the above two calculations are made will have an effect on the value of the compound metric's subtotal, as can be seen in the following example:

Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal
Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal
Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal
Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal		Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal

This example demonstrates that whether the subtotal is calculated before or after the compound metric affects the value of the compound metric's subtotal. The order in which the Analytical Engine performs its calculations is called the Evaluation Order.

The "Evaluation Ordering" VLDB Setting
The "Evaluation Ordering" VLDB setting affects the order in which the Analytical Engine will perform various calculations. The "Evaluation Ordering" VLDB setting has two possible values, "6.x order - Calculate derived metrics/smart compound metric before derived elements/consolidation and all subtotals are smart" and "7.x order - Calculate derived metric/smart compound metric before derived elements/consolidation and all subtotals as non-smart". In Strategy 10 a third option was introduced which is covered in KB275279.

If the Evaluation Ordering VLDB setting is set to 6.x the Analytical Engine will perform calculations in the following order:

Subtotal
Compound Metrics
Consolidation
Metric Limit

If the Evaluation Ordering VLDB setting is set to 7.x the Analytical Engine will perform calculations in the following order, by default:

Compound Metrics
Consolidation
Metric Limit
Subtotal

Explicit Report-Level Evaluation Order
The evaluation order of Analytical Engine calculations can be explicitly set for a given report. In Strategy Developer, the evaluation order for a report can be set within the report editor by going to Data > Report Data Options > Calculations > Evaluation Order:

The check box labeled "Use default evaluation order" is analogous to the "Evaluation ordering" VLDB property. If the box is checked, the "Evaluation ordering" VLDB property applies as described above. If it is unchecked, this setting overrides the "Evaluation ordering" property.
After unchecking the default order box, applicable calculations are shown in the list panels. Numbers may be chosen to indicate the exact order of operations. Calculations left as Default will take place after numbered calculations, and ties among Default items will be broken according to the alternate evaluation order above.
Summary of how the "Evaluation Ordering" VLDB setting affects compound metrics and subtotals

The "Smart Metric" setting forces the compound metric's calculations to be performed in the Analytical Engine.
The default evaluation ordering will force the Analytical Engine to calculate subtotals first, and compound metrics second.

Default evaluation ordering takes effect if the "Evaluation ordering" VLDB property is set to "Use default evaluation order" and the "Use default evaluation order" checkbox is selected under Report Data Options.

Selecting "Use user-specified evaluation order" in the "Evaluation ordering" VLDB property causes the alternate evaluation order described above to take effect.
To specify a custom evaluation order, the "Use default evaluation order" checkbox must be deselected in Report Data Options and numbers given to the calculations in the order desired. If the check box is disabled and all calculations are given "Default" order, the alternate evaluation order is used.
Unchecking "Use default evaluation order" in Report Data Options causes the "Evaluation ordering" VLDB property setting to be ignored.

Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal
Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal	Total6Count6Average1Minimum1Maximum1Product1Median1Mode1Standard Deviation0Variance0VGeometric Mean1Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 1: Calculate metric values.Step 2: Calculate compound metric values.Step 2: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate subtotal values.Step 3: Calculate compound metric values.At Step 3, each subtotal value is a sum of the rows above it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Year2002 ) + (Year2003 ). At Step 3, each compound metric value is a division of the rows to the left of it. So, the subtotal of the 'Profit/Revenue' metric is (Subtotal of ) / (Subtotal of ). Report Data Options: Default checkedSubtotal Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric LimitCompound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalReport Data Options: Default uncheckedOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit SubtotalOrder given by user, OR: Compound Metrics Consolidation Metric Limit Subtotal

Read KB275279 for more information on the new third setting available in Strategy 10 for this property.
KB11230

Comment

0 comments

Details

Knowledge Article

Published:

April 10, 2017

Last Updated:

January 31, 2019