SYMPTOM:
In Strategy Office, images in documents, using http references, are not retrieved when the images are located in web or web services servers that require windows authentication and the following error is encountered "the link image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location". If Anonymous authentication is used instead, the issues are retrieved successfully and displayed in the document.
STEPS TO REPRODUCE:
In a Strategy environment:

Note: To verify that the location is accessible and windows authentication is set up, you could enter the above URL in the web browser of server B and you should be prompted to enter your windows credentials and image should display

CAUSE:
This issue is caused by the second layer of windows authentication, at the web server level, where the image is located.
WORKAROUND:
Use anonymous authentication for the web server where the image being referenced is located.
KB44403