SYMPTOM:
Upon accessing Strategy Web 9.4.1 and above, users don't receive even authentication prompt but only the following error:

Bad Request. HTTP Error 400. The request is badly formed.

Event ID 2004 details show:
Log Name: Application
Source: Microsoft-Windows-PerfNet
Date: 2/21/2014 11:40:17 AM
Event ID: 2004
Task Category: None
Level: Error
Keywords: Classic
User: N/A
Computer: servername.domain.com
Description:
Unable to open the Server service performance object. The first four bytes (DWORD) of the Data section contains the status code.
Event Xml:
<Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
<System>
<Provider Name="Microsoft-Windows-PerfNet" Guid="{CAB2B8A5-49B9-4EEC-B1B0-FAC21DA05A3B}" EventSourceName="PerfNet" />
<EventID Qualifiers="49152">2004</EventID>
<Version>0</Version>
<Level>2</Level>
<Task>0</Task>
<Opcode>0</Opcode>
<Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords>
<TimeCreated SystemTime="2014-02-21T14:40:17.000000000Z" />
<EventRecordID>20905</EventRecordID>
<Correlation />
<Execution ProcessID="0" ThreadID="0" />
<Channel>Application</Channel>
<Computer>servername.domain.com</Computer>
<Security />
</System>
<EventData>
<Binary>340000C0</Binary>
</EventData>
</Event>