The Incremental Refresh feature allows users to update cube information without having to republish the entire cube. For details, please refer to the Technical Note below.
KB45837: How does the Incremental Refresh option work in MicroStrategy Analytics Enterprise 9.4.x?
This Technical Note explains which kind of data is regarded as new data while executing Insert Incremental Refresh report.
The original data is shown as Report 1 below.
Report 1

The database table is changed later as Table 1 below.
Table 1

There are 3 changes in Table 1.
After executing Insert Incremental Refresh report, the data of the cube is shown as below.

The server regard the rows, of which all attribute IDs remain the same, as old data, and doesn't change this data, no matter metric values change or not, as Row 2 above. As long as any one of the attribute ID of one row changes, as Status of Row 3 above, the row is considered as new and inserted.